Which type of refrigerant system is least likely to leak refrigerant into the building space being cooled?

An indirect refrigerant system is designed to minimize the risk of refrigerant leakage into the building space being cooled. In this type of system, a secondary fluid (often water or a primarily non-toxic solution) is used to transfer cooling effects from the refrigerant to the air or space being cooled. The refrigerant operates in a closed loop, and any leak would primarily affect only the refrigerant circuit rather than the occupied areas of the building.

This design is particularly advantageous for improving safety, as the secondary fluid is often less harmful than refrigerants themselves, which can be hazardous to humans and the environment. Therefore, even if there is a leak in the refrigerant circuit, it is less likely to impact areas where people are present, as the refrigerant does not directly contact the space being serviced.

In contrast, other types of systems like direct, centralized, and portable systems have higher risks of refrigerant leaking directly into the building space, as the refrigerant is more directly involved in the cooling process within those systems.